1 10 14 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/93ec0267c4e786421228ddabec1b4839.jpg e616f166a567894a9fa8008efd76da19 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/c8a5a9bb05ac6fab4a858f514aa82ad4.jpg 43f8ab766f04520e91f8096c0c8eecd1 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/e3cd22c5b6df001c4aec3fee7832e3fe.jpg fb91eed0c4e5c0ab2af0e252602d748c https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/70fb19bbb00477d53caaa197e0949e26.jpg 915c177ef73c8d35f46afd82d77904fe https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/a96b49a04e91a82054cef59b94284778.jpg 43f8ab766f04520e91f8096c0c8eecd1 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/e5831c7242a0f16aee6942f3a68c6db0.jpg ffe2363f24bacea8aa2058c7de7cfbae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Hyperlink A link, or reference, to another resource on the Internet. URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Jt-3Df2gTE Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Technology and neocolonial Imperialism: the arrival of the Spanish TV to Equatorial Guinea, Fernando Poo (1968) Subject The topic of the resource Spanish Postcolonial Imperialism Description An account of the resource In 1968, just after Equatorial Guinea gained independence from Spain, the introduction of Spanish television marked a significant moment in the nation's media landscape. Despite the newfound political autonomy, Spain's cultural and ideological influence persisted, manifesting through various institutions and visual media. This continued presence highlighted Spain's neocolonial intentions, thinly veiled under the rhetoric of collaboration and progress. The arrival of Spanish television services in Equatorial Guinea was framed by Spain as a gesture of goodwill, aimed at fostering development and modernization. The Spanish Minister of Communications, in his inaugural speech, likely emphasized this collaboration, presenting the new television services as a symbol of shared progress. This narrative, however, subtly reinforced Spain's cultural and technological dominance, suggesting that Equatorial Guinea's advancement depended on Spanish contributions. Local elites in Equatorial Guinea played a crucial role in sustaining this neocolonial enterprise. Their cooperation with Spanish authorities helped legitimize Spain's ongoing influence, portraying it as beneficial for the country's growth. This collaboration underscored the complex power dynamics between the former colonizer and the newly independent state. The Head of State of Equatorial Guinea, in his address during the inauguration, probably expressed gratitude for the new television services, framing them as a positive contribution from Spain. This expression of appreciation, while diplomatically necessary, also reflected the lingering influence of Spain in the post-independence era. The speech likely echoed the modernization narrative, suggesting that Spanish technology and media would propel the country into a new era of progress. This perspective often marginalized indigenous forms of knowledge and communication, privileging Western media and content. The integration of Spanish television services into Equatorial Guinea's media landscape symbolized the country's incorporation into the global (Western-dominated) media sphere. While presented as a step towards development, this move reinforced Spain's cultural hegemony, maintaining control over the narratives and identities within Equatorial Guinea. The original clip announcing the arrival of the Spanish TV is available of Youtube through the following link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Jt-3Df2gTE&t=10s You can find attached the written versions of the speeches by both the Minister of Communications of Spain and the Head of State of Equatorial Guinea, as part of the diplomatic, media, and political activities related to the arrival of Spanish TV. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1968 La Televisión llega a Guinea Ecuatorial - Spain TV arrives to Equatorial Guinea Fernando Poo. Published by Retroclips. Consulted July 22th, 2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Jt-3Df2gTE Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Language A language of the resource Spanish Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available RTVE (Radiotelevisión Española) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource RTVE (Radiotelevisión Española) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Video Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Francoism Neocolonialism and Technology Spanish TV in Equatorial Guinea https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/928b03fccd3a9e8d51747ecd28e5e594.jpg d4af16a8d26bbd7ff852391ab2823e6e https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/549322e2a7c4a1078e213f6e4221b068.jpg cc0994a745ee66aeb849e1dc85b51e51 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/a4ffe5b33482f92f1d4e51cb3c074794.jpg 7fdc417c75a721bd3c3e404f1f745dcb https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/e1e827a6d0d99b257e01311a37395e38.jpg 0aefd4e18f61549f392ffe89a477ebe0 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/8a0bc94d24044bcc58c15ae6d715dfcb.jpg edcfe55286d3dae7f5669a323d3dd402 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/66b98605dd8c7cd07906b8a87a9def72.jpg 0e33b3e5c4c92edbaf2dc7c0a6cad93c https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/b56da2e18ac523f1353f0ade2f87d8e8.jpg b40f91392a7160eb7de9d982dc49c28b https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/fbd552dbbccf2a81fac01667e11e5fd4.jpg f3a1c31ebbade45b32b68a2ff161e027 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/9974a6f780e691d10fd29465b8e4d350.jpg 2852951cba97b4a3d309207ddeb09243 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/c0ba96029bdf5e8f376dc5dff6ad7ddb.jpg 4a595b8e2733496430921ba72531047e https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/39cc66a788524fcbbc9091d8eb59f1d5.jpg 9b2f7395d3acbb01bb8be5e016a68a7f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Stamp Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ideological Uses of Colonial Stamps Subject The topic of the resource Colonial Stamps of the Spanish Guinea during Francoism Description An account of the resource Colonial stamps of Equatorial Guinea, particularly those produced during the Franco dictatorship in Spain (1939-1975), are a significant part of the country’s philatelic history. These stamps, created by the Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre (National Mint and Stamp Factory) of Spain, offer a visual narrative that reflects the colonial and ethnocentric perspectives of the era, which included representations of the mainland region (Río Muni) and the island region (Fernando Pó). The designs of these stamps often carried an ethnocentric and colonial message. According to David Moriente and Guillermo Navarro, these stamps portrayed a landscape discourse that depicted Equatorial Guinea as a "vacant paradise" rich in natural resources, ripe for Spanish exploitation and settlement. The stamps featured several recurring themes, which can be summarized as follows: Natural Landscapes and Riches: These stamps often depicted the lush, wild nature of Equatorial Guinea, highlighting its natural resources and portraying it as an unspoiled land of plenty. Indigenous Peoples: The activities and physical characteristics of the Bubi and Fang peoples were commonly illustrated. These depictions were framed from a colonial perspective, emphasizing the 'civilizing' influence of Spanish colonizers. Colonial and Evangelizing Activities: Stamps frequently showcased the various ways in which Guineans engaged in work under colonial rule, often highlighting the impact of Spanish 'civilizing' and evangelizing missions. This included scenes of agricultural work, construction, and religious activities, presenting a narrative of colonial dominance and acculturation. Binary Opposition: The designs clearly displayed a binary opposition between the Spanish dominators (portrayed as superior and enlightened) and the Guinean dominated (portrayed as inferior and in need of civilization). Artist include: Teodoro Miciano, Germán Calvo, Emilio Marín, Emiliano Salamanca, Vicente Vila, Vicente D'Urosa. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre [National Mint and Stamp Factory of Spain] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951-1961 Type The nature or genre of the resource Stamp Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237 F. Núñez de Celis, Paisajes y efigie del General Franco. Bahía de Santa Isabel (1951). Sello postal. Guinea Española. Vicente D’Urosa, Día del sello. Porteadores (1961). Sello postal. Fernando Poo. Teodoro Miciano, Conferencia Internacional de Africanistas Occidentales (1951). Sello postal. Guinea Española. Teodoro Miciano, V Centenario de Isabel la Católica. Espíritu Santo e indígena (1951). Sello postal. Guinea Española. Teodoro Miciano, Mujer con paloma (1953). Sello postal. Guinea Española Germán Calvo, Tipos indígenas. Hombre con tam-tam (1953). Sello postal. Guinea Española. Emilio Marín, Centenario de la Prefectura Apostólica de Fernando Poo, Annobón y Corisco. Bautismo (1955). Sello postal. Guinea Española. Mariano Salamanca, Pro-infancia. Hombre indígena ante crucifijo (1961). Sello postal. Fernando Poo. Vicente Vila, Proinfancia. Mujer indígena y bendición (1961). Sello postal. Fernando Poo. Juan José de Castro, Niño indígena y misionero (1960). Sello postal. Río Muni. Vicente D’Urosa, Pro-indígenas. Misionero (1958). Sello postal. Guinea Española. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre [National Mint and Stamp Factory of Spain] Museo Casa de la Moneda, Madrid (España) Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre [National Mint and Stamp Factory of Spain] Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Physical Medium Language A language of the resource Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Equatorial Guinea Colonial Stamps Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/f44918cadc251a7df97cf28750e468e8.jpg 5865a5f33a772f40b2b075171e286b84 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/f3b13dcd9134beaee0b75310d2a1c418.jpg d58c632414178f9af263452dcbbab23f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data DVD and Book Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 1:48:01 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mbini: Cazadores de Imágenes en la Guinea Ecuatorial Subject The topic of the resource The reception of Hermic Films visual materials in the Post-Franco Period Description An account of the resource Mbini: Cazadores de imágenes en la Guinea Ecuatorial is a documentary film spearheaded by Agueda Ortín and Samuel Pereiró, focusing on the historical and visual representation of Equatorial Guinea through the lens of contemporary Spanish filmmakers. The project utilizes archival footage from Hermic Films, a company that documented life in Equatorial Guinea during the colonial period. By revisiting this footage, the documentary aims to explore and critique the narratives and perspectives embedded within the colonial gaze. The primary objective of the documentary is to critically examine how Equatorial Guinea was portrayed by Spanish filmmakers during the colonial era, highlighting the colonial ideologies and perspectives that shaped these representations. In doing so, the project seeks to foster a dialogue about the enduring impacts of colonialism on both the colonizers and the colonized. The DVD include five films. Three are original shorts of the series la Guinea Española (Balele, Una cruz en la selva y Bajo la lámpara del bosque) and other two created and produced by We Are Here! Films (Le Mal d’Afrique y Cazadores de imágenes). At first glance, the films included in the project may appear to reproduce exotic and untamed representations of Guinea from a contemporary Spanish perspective. However, the inclusion of an interview with Guinean writer Donato Ndongo Bidyogo provides a crucial critical counterpoint. Ndongo Bidyogo offers a powerful critique of the colonial gaze evident in the archival footage, pointing out how Africans are often depicted in infantilized and subaltern roles. He argues that the concept of civilization associated with the colony underpins the colonizing discourse found in the visual material, diminishing the role of Africans and framing them within a paternalistic narrative that justifies colonial domination. The documentary also delves into the reactions of contemporary Guinean spectators to the archival footage, revealing a paradoxical alignment with the colonial perspective, especially in the positive perception of modernization and development. Some Guineans, reflecting on the conditions of their ancestors, express a perception of their grandparents as "poor" and "primitive," thereby inadvertently adopting the evolutionary and paternalistic logic of the colonial narrative. This paradoxical appropriation of colonial discourse by some Guineans highlights the need for deeper reflection on the audiovisual material from Hermic Films. Valenciano and Bayre point out that this phenomenon underscores the necessity to critically engage with and deconstruct the colonial ideologies embedded in historical representations. Mbini: Cazadores de imágenes en la Guinea Ecuatorial serves as an important work that resurrects historical footage and prompts critical discussions about the lasting impacts of colonialism on visual culture and collective memory. By juxtaposing archival footage with contemporary critique, the documentary encourages viewers to reflect on the complexities of historical narratives and their modern-day interpretations. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource We are here! Films Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Ortín, Pere y Pereira, Vic. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ortín, Pere y Pereira, Vic. Mbini: Cazadores de imágenes. Barcelona: Altair, 2006. Open access to the documentary series Mbini-Cazadores de imágenes en la Guinea Ecuatorial through Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2Lnn4vYfWw Mañé, Alba Valenciano, and Francesca Bayre. “Cuerpos Naturales, Mentes Coloniales: Las Imágenes de Hermic Films En La Guinea Española.” Afro-Hispanic Review, vol. 28, no. 2, 2009, pp. 245–68. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41349287. Accessed 22 July 2024. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Altaïr Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Book/DVD Language A language of the resource Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Equatorial Guinea Hermic Films Mbini Cazadores de Imágenes https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/330fe9236c6e85ada00a2034c178d243.jpg c0b3fa873b96232201d77b050822d5de https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/e1efea7c3c0226092e5a3ac25205c068.jpg 0059f12c4964eb50a0c24bc1a3b4894c https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/0b9076cabd69ea6fddc6c13791af8df0.jpg 913481e76e7bbb540c48de3083318df4 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/49c89d85f9ddff68ed477e3ff0fa55b9.jpg 7681867aac89366a7de51b30d40f4756 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/0226d277dc26a4de24bd52142f237ca3.jpg 98efc4c02b1555ac299ca09d78118d0e https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/f315f4cc7d491e3b0abf0a5fd64c6a81.jpg a962fd9d4f30494c5f29bf83fc8f317b https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/d7bde037f31209c58805d0d86c49627a.jpg 45f840db1cb3a277ae00972dd76bb661 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/660babf05c2dfc5b6cbe5537ee922810.jpg 5494d8d265e0bbd1a7869bde41a97ce8 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/8aeb497c80c7ac33f66eedecc8544171.jpg 5a4a4990ac3c334b9ec451234a5337eb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound From the Film Una cruz en la selva: “acquire an education that allows them to redeem themselves from their dark destiny. Faced with the helplessness of other times, in which women were considered almost like slaves, today the protection and affection of our devoted religious women rises, who have come to dignify them and to place them in the position that corresponds to them, as companions of man and creators of the family.” Manuel Hernández Sanjuán From the Film Al pie de las banderas: “When in Spain we talk about Guinea, when pronouncing the name of the jungle and mentioning the climate of our possessions, the image of a country always appears in the imagination where life for the white man is extremely dangerous; Without denying that the risk does indeed exist, we are going to give you a more exact idea of ​​how our colonials live, using the camera, which only captures reality.” Manuel Hernández Sanjuán From the film Misiones en Guinea: “It has always been a Spanish vocation to walk paths far from the homeland, to see exotic countries and open the channel of civilized life in them. As a nursery for these traditions, today we have in equatorial Africa the possessions of the Gulf of Guinea, where our ancient colonizing virtues continue to be active and fertile. Colonization means maintaining a bloodless but permanent fight against the backward customs of virgin peoples. Guinea is an example in this regard.” “Going through the towns it is easy to witness the indigenous baleies, who often express extravagant beliefs and absurd superstitions; By contemplating these dances one acquires an approximate notion of the attraction that primitive life still retains for its performers. However, in contrast to such rude scenes, others emerge that show the great transformation that the presence of Spain has produced in these lands, the beneficent hand of the Church that is spreading Catholic doctrine.” Manuel Hernández Sanjuán Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Documentary Series Director Name (or names) of the person who produced the video Hernández-San Juan, Manuel Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documentary Series "Spanish Guinea" Subject The topic of the resource Hermic Films Description An account of the resource The "Spanish Guinea" documentary series, created by Hermic Films and directed by Manuel Hernández Sanjuán between 1944 and 1946, explores the history and impact of Spanish colonial rule in Equatorial Guinea. The series, comprising ten films, aims to provide a comprehensive view of the region's culture, geography, and daily life under Spanish rule. Each film focuses on different aspects of life in Equatorial Guinea, from traditional ceremonies to hunting practices, offering a detailed visual and narrative account of various facets of the local culture and environment. The titles include "El Lago de los Reyes," "La Boda de Eucatrifé," "Entre bubi y fang," "Ebéyaba," "Aventuras de Fang y los bubis," "El pescador pescao," "Cazadores de elefantes," "Crónicas del país de los bubis," "La misión de Efulan," and "Los poblados lejanos." However, these films must be critically analyzed within the context of colonialism, imperialism, and orientalism. Produced during the colonial period, the series inherently reflects the biases and objectives of Spanish colonial rule. The narratives and visuals are filtered through the colonial gaze, emphasizing Spanish influence and control and often portraying the colonized as passive subjects. The films likely serve to justify and legitimize colonial rule by depicting it as a civilizing mission, portraying local cultures as exotic and backward, thereby rationalizing the need for Spanish governance and intervention. This element of propaganda aims to present a positive image of Spanish colonial efforts to both domestic and international audiences. The "Spanish Guinea" series also exemplifies orientalism by exoticizing and simplifying local cultures. By focusing on rituals, traditional dress, and "primitive" lifestyles, the films reduce complex societies to mere curiosities for the Western viewer, reinforcing the idea of the non-Western "Other." The portrayal of indigenous people often lacks depth and agency, depicting them as static and timeless, dependent on Western intervention. The series is narrated from a Western perspective, with little input from the indigenous people themselves, perpetuating the orientalist practice of speaking for and about the "Other" without granting them their own narrative agency. This approach implicitly conveys a sense of Western cultural superiority. While the series provides valuable historical records of life in Equatorial Guinea during the colonial period, it must be critically evaluated for its cultural sensitivity and accuracy. Modern viewers and scholars need to recognize the context in which these films were made and approach them with an understanding of the power dynamics and prejudices inherent in colonial documentation. The portrayal of the colonized people and their cultures should be scrutinized for biases and misrepresentations to gain a more balanced and accurate understanding of the history and culture of Equatorial Guinea. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hermic Films Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Colección Filmoteca Española Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Video Language A language of the resource Spanish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hernández-Sanjuán, Manuel. Bajo la lámpara de bosque. 1946 (serie La Guinea Española 71) M bini: Cazadores de imágenes en la Guinea colonial Ed. Pere Ortín, Vic Pereiro. Barcelona: Altair, 2006. Balele. (serie La Guinea Española núm. 25). 1948 En Mbini: Cazadores de imágenes en la Guinea colonial. Pere Ortín y Vic Pereiró. Barcelona: Altair, 2006. En las chozas de nipa. (serie La Guinea Española 66). Filmoteca Española, 1946. En el trópico huele a azahar. (serie La Guinea Española 27). Filmoteca Española, 1945. Misiones de Guinea (serie La Guinea Española 64). Filmoteca Española, 1948. Una cruz en la selva. (serie La Guinea Española 72). 1946. En Mbini: Cazadores de imágenes en la Guinea colonial. Pere Ortín, y Vic Pereiró. Barcelona: Altair, 2006. Al pie de las banderas. (serie La Guinea Española 79) Filmoteca Española, 1946. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hermic Films Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-1946 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Colonial Documentary Francoism Hermic Films https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/3ff0cc170aa177c1a1609a418125c9ad.jpg 7a5c832d80a85f8ad5dbaa011960ced5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Visual Archive Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colonial Documentary during Francoism: the case of Hermic Films Subject The topic of the resource Colonial Film and Photographic Culture during Francoism Description An account of the resource Hermic Films, founded in 1940 by Manuel Hernández Sanjuán, played a crucial role as an ideological tool of imperial propaganda during Franco's regime, similar to the colonial science promoted by the Instituto de Estudios Africanos. Known for its extensive production of over 200 short films, predominantly documentaries, Hermic Films contributed significantly to the regime's narrative of empire and colonialism. In 1944, under the direction of General José Díaz de Villegas, the company embarked on a major project to document Spanish Guinea. This mission, carried out between 1944 and 1946, resulted in over 5,000 photographs and thirty-one documentary films. According to Alba Valenciano Mañé and Francesca Bayre, these films were more than mere recordings; they were designed to present an idealized vision of Spanish colonial efforts, showcasing the supposed benefits of Spanish rule and the exoticism of African territories. Exhibited in 1946 at Madrid's Palacio de la Música, the documentaries aimed to foster domestic support for colonial policies and to portray a stable, prosperous empire. Hermic Films, like the Instituto de Estudios Africanos, played a vital role in justifying and maintaining Spain's colonial presence through controlled representations of colonial life. By shaping public perception and reinforcing the narrative of a civilizing mission, Hermic Films helped fortify the cultural and ideological underpinnings of the regime. Their work was instrumental in crafting a sanitized image of colonialism that aligned with the imperialist and nationalist ethos of the time, making Hermic Films a key player in the cultural perpetuation of colonial ideology. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Colección Filmoteca Española Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Visual Archive Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Film and photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Elena, Alberto. "Spanish Colonial Cinema: Contours and Singularities". Joumal of Film Preservation 63 (2001): 29-35. Landau, Paul S. Introducción. "An amazing distance: pictures and Empires: Visuality in Colonial and Postcolonial Africa . Ed. Kaspin, Berkeley: U of California Mañé, Alba Valenciano, and Francesca Bayre. “Cuerpos Naturales, Mentes Coloniales: Las Imágenes de Hermic Films En La Guinea Española.” Afro-Hispanic Review, vol. 28, no. 2, 2009, pp. 245–68. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41349287. Accessed 22 July 2024. Ortín, Pere y Pereira, Vic. M bini: Cazadores de imágenes en la Guinea colonial. Barcelona: Altair, 2006. Nerín, Gustau. Guinea Ecuatorial: Historia en blanco y negro. Barcelona: Península, 1997. Nerín, Gustau, y Alfred Bosch. El imperio que nunca existió. Barcelona: Plaza, 2001. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Archivo Hermic Films. Colección Filmoteca Española. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940-1977 Relation A related resource Hernández-Sanjuán, Manuel. Bajo la lámpara de bosque. 1946 (serie La Guinea Española 71) M bini: Cazadores de imágenes en la Guinea colonial Ed. Pere Ortín, Vic Pereiro. Barcelona: Altair, 2006. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Colonial Documentary Francoism Hermic Films https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/33c80439788b2d5bbb67fd0c791f61cc.jpg 90d73f194c4f4770030c3eb1f8d9844a https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/b156e58c18adc5e5aaf2b1f18695e8b8.jpg 57b8b8c67b6dfc5f0127a140248ce971 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/fe76c044dba641d76ef1e113c0922ecf.jpg a5a3b5cab7eead9bc862a09f2e7aed77 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/675d97512e4b5d19acf3a8a14b66e3a1.jpg beb011c4841032ae9c384851bf89edb0 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/82b53ea4c98660f98e12982d8f25df0d.jpg cba9f6e1d8f136ea0f8c85f410fe172f https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/e17ceba2eedc9cc0a0e05b18c1511e1c.jpg f7c8cf610681d758e487bec5bb283eee https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/de09461a31390babb56b8874cd7175d6.jpg 2e395ef2cd7ebd9fbc1e1288821c7e58 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/a96d10ee06b0b6b59f409e2568de2368.jpg 936bbeaa308efd984e3b5364aeca7d3d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Periodical Journal Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource África: revista de tropas coloniales Subject The topic of the resource Colonial Science in Equatorial Guinea during Francoism and the Instituto de Estudios Africanos Description An account of the resource The journal "África", published by the Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA), was a pivotal platform for disseminating research and knowledge about Spanish colonial territories in Africa, particularly during Franco's dictatorship. Launched in 1946, the journal aimed to legitimize and support Spain's colonial endeavors through scientific and scholarly articles. "África" featured contributions from various disciplines such as anthropology, ethnology, geography, history, and medicine, reflecting the institute’s objective to create a comprehensive understanding of the colonies from multiple angles. By including works from prominent scholars, colonial officials, missionaries, and generals, the journal sought to produce a 'total knowledge' framework that presented Spanish colonialism as a benevolent and civilizing mission. The visual elements in "África" were crucial for engaging both intellectual and emotional responses from its readers. Photographs, maps, and illustrations were used extensively to depict the natural landscapes, cultural practices, and economic activities in the colonies, thereby reinforcing the narrative of Spanish progress and benevolence. The journal also served as a tool for the metropolitan audience, persuading them of the importance and benefits of the colonial project, and fostering a sense of national pride and support for Spain's imperial ambitions. Through its scholarly rigor and strategic use of visual aids, "África" played an essential role in shaping public perceptions and sustaining ideological support for Spanish colonial policies. It exemplified how scientific and academic publications were harnessed to serve the broader imperial objectives of the Francoist regime, contributing to the systematic governance and exploitation of colonial populations and resources in Equatorial Guinea and other African territories under Spanish control. The Digital Archive with full access to the numbers of the journal Africa published by Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA) is available through the repository of the Biblioteca Tomás Navarro: http://simurg.csic.es/view/990001022570204201/africa-revista-de-tropas-coloniales Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Biblioteca Tomás Navarro: http://simurg.csic.es/view/990001022570204201/africa-revista-de-tropas-coloniales Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1926-1968 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional de Creative Commons. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digitalized Archive Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Periodical Journal Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Equatorial Guinea Colonial Science Francoism Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA) Revista Africa https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/0fb223e79f7c0763b927ac7d17ac2ef3.jpg ea21403c904a307638029195c935c5d5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA) in the Spanish Guinea Subject The topic of the resource Colonial Science in Equatorial Guinea during Francoism Description An account of the resource The Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA), founded in 1945, was a Spanish institution dedicated to the study and promotion of African cultures, histories, and geographies, primarily to support and legitimize Spain's colonial ambitions in Africa, particularly in Equatorial Guinea. Active until the end of the colonial regime, IDEA conducted and published extensive research portraying Spanish colonialism as a civilizing mission. The IDEA brought together scientists from different disciplines and fields—such as geology, ethnology, archaeology, medicine, history, and law—and other colonial ‘experts’ such as missionaries or generals, seasonally commissioned for specific scientific expeditions. The institute was run by a combination of academics, colonial administrators, and policymakers who were aligned with Francoist ideologies. Notable figures included scholars such as historian and Africanist Julio Caro Baroja, who contributed to the ethnographic and cultural studies promoted by IDEA. The institution played a significant role in creating and disseminating knowledge that supported the colonial narrative, influencing both colonial policy and public perception in Spain regarding its African territories. In summary, the institute’s aim was to create ‘total knowledge’ about the colonies from a ‘plurality of angles.’ Visual elements were crucial for audiences’ intellectual and emotional activation regarding their 'expository science'. This institute served as a hub for scholars and officials who produced extensive studies on African societies, resources, and environments, framing them within a narrative of Spanish benevolence and developmentalism. The institute's publications and activities were crucial in maintaining the ideological support for colonial rule within Spain, portraying the colonial project as a scientific and civilizing endeavor. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Díaz de Villegas, José. ‘Labor del Instituto de Estudios Africanos’, África, 3a época, 85, 1949, pp. 2–6. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Price Lab for the Digital Humanities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource Aixelà Cabré, Yolanda. Spain's African Colonial Legacies : Morocco and Equatorial Guinea Compared. Leiden: Brill, 2022. Martin-Márquez, Susan. Disorientations : Spanish Colonialism In Africa and the Performance of Identity. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital Text Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Colonial Science Francoism Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Production of Colonial Science during Francoism Subject The topic of the resource Colonial Science in Equatorial Guinea during Francoism Description An account of the resource Modern science played a central role in the consolidation and maintenance of Spanish colonial rule, particularly under Francisco Franco's dictatorship. According to Cécile Stephanie Stehrenberger, In the early twentieth century, scientific and technological advancements, such as geographical and biomedical knowledge, became crucial tools for establishing Spanish authority in Equatorial Guinea (239). This trend intensified during Franco's regime, which systematically mobilized scientific knowledge to govern and exploit colonial populations and resources. Knowledge production and dissemination were closely intertwined, involving a dynamic interaction between scientists and various 'publics,' including colonial officials, business owners, and settlers in Equatorial Guinea. This engagement was not limited to the colonies; metropolitan audiences in Spain were also targeted to garner support for the colonial project. Institutions such as the Instituto de Estudios Africanos (Institute of African Studies) played a pivotal role in this endeavor. Founded in 1945, the institute was instrumental in generating and disseminating knowledge about Africa, thereby legitimizing and promoting Spain's colonial ambitions. It conducted extensive research in anthropology, geography, and history, producing studies that reinforced the narrative of Spanish benevolence and civilizing mission in Africa. Similarly, Hermic Films, a production company, created documentaries that showcased the supposed progress and benefits of Spanish colonialism. These efforts were aimed at both informing and persuading various audiences of the legitimacy and necessity of the colonial enterprise. By presenting a scientifically grounded and visually appealing narrative, these institutions helped to sustain metropolitan support for colonial policies and justify the exploitation of African populations and resources. Stehrenberger's work highlights how science and technology were not merely tools of colonial rule but integral to the ideological apparatus that sustained Franco's dictatorship and its imperial ambitions. Consequently, the following items included in the second half of the first collection explore in depth the scientific and technological sources adopted by this later stage of the imperial enterprise in Equatorial Guinea, whose institutions operated until the very ending of the colonial regime in the country. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Price Lab for the Digital Humanities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource Aranzadi, Juan, and Gonzalo Alvarez Chillida. Guinea Ecuatorial (des)conocida: Lo Que Sabemos, Ignoramos, Inventamos Y Deformamos Acerca De Su Pasado Y Su Presente. Madrid: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, 2020. Branche, Jerome. Post/colonialism and the Pursuit of Freedom In the Black Atlantic. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2018. Camprubi, Lino. Engineers and the Making of the Francoist Regime. MIT Press, Cambridge, 2014, doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262027175.001.0001. Medina-Doménech, Rosa. "Scientific Technologies of National Identity as Colonial Legacies: Extracting the Spanish Nation from Equatorial Guinea." Social Studies of Science, vol. 39, no. 1, 2009, pp. 81-112. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital text Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Colonial Science Francoism Hermic Films Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA) Revista Africa https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/564eafb24c1eac1bf6de1f302db6bb19.jpg 5e2581279a5402370a8cbdd72bfc71a1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Film Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 46:38 Producer Name (or names) of the person who produced the video Hermic Films Director Name (or names) of the person who produced the video Diego Saavedra y Magdalena Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documentary Film "Expedición a la Guinea Española" Subject The topic of the resource Visual Materials on the Colonial Expeditions to the Spanish Guinea Description An account of the resource "Expedición a la Guinea Española" (1930) directed by Diego Saavedra Magdalena (appointed as General Director of Morocco and the Colonies), is a documentary situated in the exploration and documentation of Spanish Guinea, now Equatorial Guinea, during its colonial period under Spanish rule. The film is a vivid portrayal of the region's landscapes, cultures, and daily life, crafted to educate Spanish audiences about the colony. Saavedra Magdalena, noted for his ethnographic and documentary work, aimed to provide an in-depth look at the richness and diversity of the region. The documentary's content includes footage of the natural environment, local customs, traditions, and interactions between the colonial administration and indigenous populations. While the documentary serves educational and propagandistic purposes, showcasing Spanish colonial endeavors, it must be critiqued within the context of Spain's imperial projects in the early twentieth century. The documentary's imagery and narrative are imbued with the ideological underpinnings of colonialism, reflecting the prevailing attitudes of the time. The portrayal of indigenous people and their cultures often aligns with the paternalistic and ethnocentric views typical of imperial powers, framing the colonized as 'exotic' and 'primitive' while positioning the Spanish as civilizing forces. This perspective reinforces the colonial ideology of racial and cultural superiority, justifying the imperial mission. The film's emphasis on the natural resources and strategic value of the colony further underscores the economic motivations driving imperial expansion. Additionally, the documentary likely employs a cinematic style that romanticizes the colonial experience, utilizing staged scenes and selective framing to present an idealized view of Spanish colonialism. "Expedición a la Guinea Española" is not merely a historical artifact but also a reflection of the broader imperialist agenda of early twentieth-century Spain. It offers invaluable insight into the period's colonial mentality but simultaneously demands critical examination of its ideological biases. The documentary is a testament to the complex interplay between cultural representation and imperial ambition, revealing how media was used to construct and perpetuate colonial narratives. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Diego Saavedra y Magdalena Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://www.rtve.es/play/videos/archivo-historico/expedicion-guinea-espanola/2917617/">https://www.rtve.es/play/videos/archivo-historico/expedicion-guinea-espanola/2917617/</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available RTVE Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Información de rtve.es Corporación de Radio y Televisión Española 2024 Type The nature or genre of the resource Documentary Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Film Language A language of the resource Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Equatorial Guinea Colonial Documentary Expedición a la Guinea Española https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/282f0c87a4db97e13878dc1415daf300.jpg 7fc9c0104e294cdc4168212a786f0fea https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/5b9f8579a5ecaf339ef8637a7ef8850b.jpg c8c982283037f2371bb96a1ade2de064 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/5f53ffadae13c36f29101ef1cf6402d3.jpg 4de113ffe025e6ecb4eb245e4f74604f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Bodies at the Pavilion of the Spanish Guinea during the Exposición Iberoamericana of Seville Subject The topic of the resource Exposición Iberomamericana Description An account of the resource At the Exposición Iberoamericana of 1929 in Seville, the Pavilion of Spanish Guinea prominently featured displays of Black bodies as part of its exhibition. This practice was consistent with the colonial exhibitions of the era, where indigenous people from the colonies were often showcased to highlight the supposed civilizing missions of European powers. In the Spanish Guinea pavilion, Black individuals were presented in constructed "authentic" environments, performing daily activities and cultural practices. These displays aimed to emphasize the exoticism and otherness of African people while simultaneously justifying Spain's colonial endeavors as benevolent and progressive. The exhibition perpetuated colonial stereotypes and reinforced racial hierarchies, portraying African people as primitive and in need of Spanish oversight and development. Such displays were intended to demonstrate Spain's imperial reach and its role in bringing civilization to its African territories, aligning with broader European colonial narratives. This objectification and dehumanization of Black bodies as in the case of the Corisqueños dancers served to legitimize colonial rule and distract from the exploitative realities of colonialism. The pavilion’s portrayal of Spanish Guinea thus played a crucial role in the cultural and political propaganda of the time, reinforcing Spain's colonial identity and ambitions on the international stage. Evidence of these human exhibits can be found in the photographs, articles, and postcards of the time, which documented and promoted the exposition’s themes and displays. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Sánchez Gómez, Luis Á. "África En Sevilla: La Exhibición Colonial De La Exposición Iberoamericana De 1929." Hispania (Madrid), vol. 66, no. 224, 2006, pp. 1045-1082. Manuel, "Fotos y postales antiguas de Sevilla". https://postalesyfotosantiguasdesevilla.blogspot.com/2020/02/pabellon-de-guinea-en-la-exposicion.html Archivo ABC. <a href="https://www.abc.es/archivo/fotos/los-reyes-de-espana-visitan-el-pabellon-de-guinea-en-la-7756607.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Farchivo%2Ffotos%2Flos-reyes-de-espana-visitan-el-pabellon-de-guinea-en-la-7756607.html" title="Archivo ABC">https://www.abc.es/archivo/fotos/los-reyes-de-espana-visitan-el-pabellon-de-guinea-en-la-7756607.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Farchivo%2Ffotos%2Flos-reyes-de-espana-visitan-el-pabellon-de-guinea-en-la-7756607.html</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Archivo ABC: Los Reyes de España Visitan el pabellón de guinea en la exposición Iberoamericana de 1929 en Sevilla Relation A related resource «El pabellón de Guinea en la Exposición de Sevilla» en Revista Hispano-Africana 5 (mayo de 1929) p. 15. Blanchard, Pascal. Human Zoos: Science and Spectacle In the Age of Colonial Empires. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2008. González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Plasencia Camps, Inés. "Embodying the Colonial Memory. White Colonists and “implicated Subjects” in Photographs from Equatorial Guinea." Culture & History Digital Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, 2023, pp. e004. Sánchez Gómez, Luis Á. "África En Sevilla: La Exhibición Colonial De La Exposición Iberoamericana De 1929." Hispania (Madrid), vol. 66, no. 224, 2006, pp. 1045-1082. Stoler, Ann Laura. Along the Archival Grain: Epistemic Anxieties and Colonial Common Sense. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. Maxwell, Anne. Colonial Photography and Exhibitions: Representations of the Native and the Making of European Identities, 1901. Language A language of the resource Spanish and English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain