2 10 14 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/6cec0817e2876d9f6b61e65552f7eca2.jpg 6ae7838db554df8d821ad7e3fc3355f7 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/474a02149dd16693b532961505925071.jpg 8bdc29b334549ff2ea1306be8a9e7313 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/8e6ccac0accc763439d8107a075fc073.jpg 966bd67f676123df6f0e12ecc7e58072 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/a422c837cbd96f12f500f54644273282.jpg 14c064a2f3bbf6e0e23212bd390e005c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Libro de Oro Ibero Americano. Catálogo oficial y monumental de la exposición de Sevilla Subject The topic of the resource Exposición Iberoamericana Description An account of the resource The Libro de Oro Ibero-Americano is an official and monumental catalog of the Ibero-American Exhibition held in Seville in 1929. Edited by the Unión Iberoamericana, the catalog features contributions from notable figures such as Víctor Espinós, Enrique Díez-Canedo, and Jacinto Benavente. Published by Aldus in Santander, it comprises extensive pages with illustrations, providing a comprehensive overview of the exhibition. This catalog documented the exposition extensively, detailing the exhibits, pavilions, and participants, with a focus on cultural, economic, and technological achievements. It highlighted the shared heritage between Spain and Latin America, emphasizing unity and collaboration. Richly illustrated with photographs and maps, the catalog provided a vivid representation of the event's grandeur and diversity. It also covered the economic and trade aspects, promoting investment and commercial partnerships between Spain and Latin American countries. Serving as an official and monumental record, the catalog underscored the significance of the exposition in fostering cultural and economic ties, while reinforcing Spain's aspirations to reassert its influence and prestige globally. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Unión Iberoamericana Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unión Iberoamericana Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Carlos, Abelardo de. Libro De Oro Ibero Americano: Catálogo Oficial Y Monumental De La Exposición De Sevilla. [Santander]: [Aldus, s. a., de artes gráficas], 1929. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Unión Iberoamericana Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Book, 800 pp. 38x30. Language A language of the resource Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain Exposición Iberoamericana https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/20bdd2e07aa8725882dbc624cf3d4d07.jpg dfe3a0fa4d9ed76c71e0c3bbdc640123 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/8f631fffbe7de88932eb49bc56b3f330.jpg 0531af0097b670a111354a832078ab27 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/172d41f13ecc2630613d8247b9dfd824.jpg 4beaeccbeac383a392317634e6fe5b52 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/9388fece8b947cec4b1ed9d9588fbc57.jpg 5dde89c0338d42868f208302856db474 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/2c64bd724b0076e5e0f505ee947619c8.jpg 15621bb2f2f5a2cf7f92adb6039b1f74 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Pavilion of La Guinea Española in the Exposición Iberoamericana of Seville, 1929 Subject The topic of the resource Colonial Pavilions in the Exposición Iberoamericana Description An account of the resource “Spain assumes a new commitment and a new spiritual challenge in its territories of equatorial Africa: the very Christian enterprise of converting the “helpless” and “backward” native population of Guinea. The conjunction of both colonization designs results in the articulation of an enormous project of a Spanish-African spiritual community, very close, at least in theory, to what had been projected on American lands in the past. These are the ideological and spiritual bases that make it possible for the Sevillian exhibition to structure its contents in a Trinitarian model supported by the presence of the Spanish provinces, the American republics and the Hispanic colonies in Africa, with the unavoidable complement of the presence of several pavilions. institutional and the participation of some Spanish and foreign companies” (Sánchez Gomez 1049) The role of colonial pavilions in 19th and 20th century international expositions merits critical evaluation. These pavilions served as showcases for colonial powers to project cultural superiority, economic prowess, and political authority over their colonies. They often presented a curated image of colonial territories, highlighting indigenous crafts, natural resources, and aspects of daily life, but frequently through a lens shaped by colonial stereotypes and Eurocentric perspectives. The Guinea Pavilion exemplifies this approach, presenting Equatorial Guinea as a cultural and economic asset under Spanish governance, yet through a filtered and sometimes patronizing portrayal. The Guinea Pavilion at the Seville exposition, spanning 2,832 square meters on a 3,400 square meter plot, stood significantly larger than its Moroccan counterpart, illustrating Spain's expansive colonial ambitions. Designed by architect José Granados de la Vega and funded by the General Directorate of Morocco and Colonies, its construction aimed to assert Spain's presence in Equatorial Guinea. According to the official guide, the pavilion's overall concept was orchestrated by agricultural engineer Emilio Gómez Flores, with artistic oversight by Vicente Zubillaga. However, scholar Luis Ángel Sánchez Gómez critiques the design as a neo-colonial portrayal of "exotic-primitive" architectures, lacking genuine ethnographic inspiration (1069). Moreover, these pavilions were instruments of diplomatic strategy, asserting colonial claims and justifying imperial rule amidst growing international scrutiny and anti-colonial movements. They functioned as tools of soft power, influencing global perceptions of colonial administrations and reinforcing colonial hierarchies. The Guinea Pavilion, with its elaborate design and substantial size, aimed to impress visitors with Spain's commitment to modernizing and civilizing its African territories, while simultaneously perpetuating colonial narratives that justified European dominance over non-Western societies. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Carlos, Abelardo de. Libro de oro Ibero Americano: catálogo oficial y monumental de la exposición de Sevilla. [Santander]: [Aldus, s. a., de artes gráficas], 1929. Sánchez Gómez, Luis Á. "África en Sevilla: la exhibición colonial de la Exposición Iberoamericana de 1929." Hispania (Madrid), vol. 66, no. 224, 2006, pp. 1045-1082 Postcard Colonial Pavilion of the Spanish Guinea: https://sevilla.abc.es/sevilla/sevi-pabellones-29-sevilla-exoticos-memoriales-africa-201907060812_noticia.html Manuel, "Fotos y postales antiguas de Sevilla": https://postalesyfotosantiguasdesevilla.blogspot.com/ Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Territorios españoles del Golfo de Guinea. / Pabellón Colonial, Exposición Iberoamericana: Public Domain Mark 1.0 Relation A related resource Montalbán, Ramón. "La Guinea Española en la Exposición Ibero-Americana de Sevilla" Africa. Revista de Tropas Coloniales (Ceuta) 54 (junio de 1929) pp. 142-143 Rodríguez Bernal, Eduardo. Historia de la Exposición Ibero- Americana de Sevilla de 1929, Sevilla, Servicio de Publicaciones del Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, 1994. Exposición Iberoamericana, 1929. Territorios españoles del Golfo de Guinea. / Pabellón Colonial, Exposición Iberoamericana, Sevilla 1929. Madrid: Imprenta de Gráficas Reunidas, 1929. Online Access, Biblioteca de la Universidad de Sevilla. https://archive.org/details/HCSFCa03042/page/n1/mode/2up Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Physical Medium Language A language of the resource Spanish and English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain Exposición Iberoamericana https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/501919723175e521954572a615e38a17.jpg 69f4d9a8271157cb901ca71d37479c13 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/b7b1f0f466d9645b265eaf0537538f2f.JPG 08f8b1faec7d081ba06613d5ce250266 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/2a020ba04c9bef575ba5068b93db4a89.jpg f0c5061c278fd5bdd339f907aee736da Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colonial Uses of International Exhibits. The Exposición Iberoamericana 1929-1930 Subject The topic of the resource Exposición Iberoamericana Description An account of the resource “After 1898, a desire to recreate or reconstruct a new empire that, although African, is documented in political and intellectual metropolitan spheres. A kind of ‘African-American Hispanism’ would emerge, as reflected in some colonial texts from the mid-1920s.” Luis Ángel Sánchez Gómez The Exposición Iberoamericana of 1929 was a significant world's fair held in Seville, Spain, aimed at showcasing Spain's cultural, economic, and technological achievements while reinforcing its imperial and colonial interests, particularly in Africa. Spain, by the early 20th century, had largely lost its American colonies but maintained territories in Africa, including Morocco, Western Sahara, and Equatorial Guinea. The exposition served as a platform to assert Spain's continued relevance as a colonial power and to project an image of cultural and historical continuity with its former American colonies. It emphasized Spain's role as a bridge between Europe and its overseas territories, promoting a narrative of shared heritage and mutual benefit. Imperially, the fair symbolized Spain's efforts to modernize and consolidate its colonial holdings in Africa amidst increasing challenges and nationalist movements in its territories. It showcased technological advancements and industrial progress as tools for economic development and control over colonial resources. In relation to Africa, the exposition's imperial agenda was evident in its cultural diplomacy and political symbolism. It aimed to reinforce Spain's territorial claims and authority in North Africa, where it faced resistance and competition from other European powers. The fair projected an image of Spain as a benevolent colonial ruler, fostering economic development and cultural exchange within its African territories. Overall, the Exposición Iberoamericana of 1929 served as a showcase of Spain's efforts to maintain and extend its imperial influence in the face of decolonization movements worldwide. It used cultural and economic displays to bolster its colonial project in Africa and to assert its position among other European powers in the scramble for colonial dominance. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Sánchez Gómez, Luis Á. "África en Sevilla: la exhibición colonial de la Exposición Iberoamericana de 1929." Hispania (Madrid), vol. 66, no. 224, 2006, pp. 1045-1082. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Gustavo Bacarisas, Poster for the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929. Public Domain Vicente Traver Tomás, Plano de la Exposición Iberoamericana Americana de 1929 de Sevilla. Public Domain Relation A related resource Carlos, Abelardo de. Libro De Oro Ibero Americano: Catálogo Oficial Y Monumental De La Exposición De Sevilla. [Santander]: [Aldus, s. a., de artes gráficas], 1929. Gristwood, Anthony. “Commemorating Empire in Twentieth-Century Seville.” Imperial Cities, 2017, pp. 155–73. Rodríguez Bernal, Eduardo. Historia de la Exposición Ibero- Americana de Sevilla de 1929, Sevilla, Servicio de Publicaciones del Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, 1994. Solano Sobrado, María T. "Antecedentes Históricos De La Exposición Iberoamericana De Sevilla." Cuadernos de historia moderna y contemporánea, vol. 7, 1986, pp. 163. ProQuest, https://proxy.library.upenn.edu/loginurl=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/antecedentes-históricos-de-la-exposición/docview/1292636596/se-2. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Physical Medium Language A language of the resource Spain Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Exposición Iberoamericana https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/6fd096ed99cef5f364d5682b9e3bb9ce.jpg 06ccf039aae4effcc58e664f10aafbba Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Book Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 19th Century Spanish Expeditions within the West African Territory. The case of Manuel Iradier's "África. Viajes y trabajos de la asociación euskara la exploradora" Subject The topic of the resource Manuel Iradier and the Asociación euskara la exploradora Description An account of the resource “Mientras Bélgica ha derrochado su caudal en el Congo, Inglaterra, sus libras esterlinas, Francia y Alemania han pagado su alto tributo en dinero y sangre en el África Negra. España recibe de nuestras manos una hermosa colonia sin derramar una gota de sangre ni costarle una peseta. El milagro fue siempre nuestro y tuvo sus mártires.” “While Belgium has squandered its wealth in the Congo, England, its sterling, France and Germany have paid their high tribute in money and blood in Black Africa. Spain receives a beautiful colony from our hands without spilling a drop of blood or costing it a peseta. The miracle was always ours and it had its martyrs.” Manuel Iradier, colonial settler (1901). Manuel Iradier’s expeditions and the endeavors of the Asociación Euskara La Exploradora must be critically examined within the broader context of 19th-century Spanish imperialism. Iradier’s explorations in West Africa, particularly Equatorial Guinea, were not just scientific endeavors but integral parts of Spain's colonial project. By mapping uncharted territories and documenting the local populations, Iradier facilitated Spain’s territorial claims and subsequent colonial rule. His work, supported and funded by Spanish authorities, illustrates how exploration served imperial interests, cloaked in the guise of scientific discovery. The Asociación Euskara La Exploradora, as a colonial enterprise, further exemplifies this dynamic. It perpetuated colonial epistemologies by producing knowledge that framed African lands and peoples through a Eurocentric lens, reinforcing notions of European superiority and entitlement to foreign territories. Iradier’s ethnographic and geographic documentation imposed European categories onto African contexts, legitimizing the subjugation and exploitation of these regions. This critical perspective reveals that Iradier’s contributions, while significant in the field of geography, were also complicit in the broader mechanisms of colonial domination and control. Understanding Iradier's work within this framework underscores the importance of scrutinizing how colonial knowledge was produced and utilized to sustain imperialist agendas. Ultimately, Manuel Iradier’s assertion that Spain acquired its African colony peacefully and without financial cost contrasts sharply with the violent, costly colonial endeavors of Belgium, England, France, and Germany. This narrative seeks to justify Spanish colonial expansion by portraying it as more humane and morally superior. Additionally, it challenges the Black Legend, which painted Spain as uniquely cruel in its colonial practices, by suggesting that Spain was capable of ethical and just governance. By emphasizing a narrative of benevolent acquisition, Iradier aimed to rehabilitate Spain's colonial image and position it as a responsible colonial power. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HathiTrust <a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100345509" title="HathiThrust">https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100345509</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Asociación Euskara La Exploradora Language A language of the resource Spanish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Iradier Bulfi, Manuel, 1854-1911, and Asociación Euskara La Exploradora. Africa: Viajes y trabajos de la Asociación Euskara La Exploradora. Reconocimiento de la zona ecuatorial de Africa en las costas de occidente: sus montañas, sus ríos, sus habitantes, clima, producciones y porvenir de estos países tropicales, posesiones españolas del Golfo de Guinea, adquisición para España de la Nueva Provincia del Muni. Bilbao: Andrés P.-Cardenal, 1901. Relation A related resource Bates, Robert H, V. Y Mudimbe, and Jean O'Barr. Africa and the Disciplines : the Contributions of Research In Africa to the Social Sciences and Humanities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. Loomba, Ania. Colonialism/postcolonialism. Third edition. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2015. Pratt, Mary Louise. Imperial Eyes : Travel Writing and Transculturation. Second edition. London: Routledge, 2008. Sociedad Geográfica Española “Exploradores españoles olvidados del siglo XIX” SGE. 2001 Stoler, Ann Laura. Race and the Education of Desire : Foucault's History of Sexuality and the Colonial Order of Things. Durham: Duke University Press, 1995. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant West Africa Asociasión Euskara la exploradora Manuel Iradier