1 10 29 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/6fd096ed99cef5f364d5682b9e3bb9ce.jpg 06ccf039aae4effcc58e664f10aafbba Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Book Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 19th Century Spanish Expeditions within the West African Territory. The case of Manuel Iradier's "África. Viajes y trabajos de la asociación euskara la exploradora" Subject The topic of the resource Manuel Iradier and the Asociación euskara la exploradora Description An account of the resource “Mientras Bélgica ha derrochado su caudal en el Congo, Inglaterra, sus libras esterlinas, Francia y Alemania han pagado su alto tributo en dinero y sangre en el África Negra. España recibe de nuestras manos una hermosa colonia sin derramar una gota de sangre ni costarle una peseta. El milagro fue siempre nuestro y tuvo sus mártires.” “While Belgium has squandered its wealth in the Congo, England, its sterling, France and Germany have paid their high tribute in money and blood in Black Africa. Spain receives a beautiful colony from our hands without spilling a drop of blood or costing it a peseta. The miracle was always ours and it had its martyrs.” Manuel Iradier, colonial settler (1901). Manuel Iradier’s expeditions and the endeavors of the Asociación Euskara La Exploradora must be critically examined within the broader context of 19th-century Spanish imperialism. Iradier’s explorations in West Africa, particularly Equatorial Guinea, were not just scientific endeavors but integral parts of Spain's colonial project. By mapping uncharted territories and documenting the local populations, Iradier facilitated Spain’s territorial claims and subsequent colonial rule. His work, supported and funded by Spanish authorities, illustrates how exploration served imperial interests, cloaked in the guise of scientific discovery. The Asociación Euskara La Exploradora, as a colonial enterprise, further exemplifies this dynamic. It perpetuated colonial epistemologies by producing knowledge that framed African lands and peoples through a Eurocentric lens, reinforcing notions of European superiority and entitlement to foreign territories. Iradier’s ethnographic and geographic documentation imposed European categories onto African contexts, legitimizing the subjugation and exploitation of these regions. This critical perspective reveals that Iradier’s contributions, while significant in the field of geography, were also complicit in the broader mechanisms of colonial domination and control. Understanding Iradier's work within this framework underscores the importance of scrutinizing how colonial knowledge was produced and utilized to sustain imperialist agendas. Ultimately, Manuel Iradier’s assertion that Spain acquired its African colony peacefully and without financial cost contrasts sharply with the violent, costly colonial endeavors of Belgium, England, France, and Germany. This narrative seeks to justify Spanish colonial expansion by portraying it as more humane and morally superior. Additionally, it challenges the Black Legend, which painted Spain as uniquely cruel in its colonial practices, by suggesting that Spain was capable of ethical and just governance. By emphasizing a narrative of benevolent acquisition, Iradier aimed to rehabilitate Spain's colonial image and position it as a responsible colonial power. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HathiTrust <a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100345509" title="HathiThrust">https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100345509</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Asociación Euskara La Exploradora Language A language of the resource Spanish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Iradier Bulfi, Manuel, 1854-1911, and Asociación Euskara La Exploradora. Africa: Viajes y trabajos de la Asociación Euskara La Exploradora. Reconocimiento de la zona ecuatorial de Africa en las costas de occidente: sus montañas, sus ríos, sus habitantes, clima, producciones y porvenir de estos países tropicales, posesiones españolas del Golfo de Guinea, adquisición para España de la Nueva Provincia del Muni. Bilbao: Andrés P.-Cardenal, 1901. Relation A related resource Bates, Robert H, V. Y Mudimbe, and Jean O'Barr. Africa and the Disciplines : the Contributions of Research In Africa to the Social Sciences and Humanities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. Loomba, Ania. Colonialism/postcolonialism. Third edition. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2015. Pratt, Mary Louise. Imperial Eyes : Travel Writing and Transculturation. Second edition. London: Routledge, 2008. Sociedad Geográfica Española “Exploradores españoles olvidados del siglo XIX” SGE. 2001 Stoler, Ann Laura. Race and the Education of Desire : Foucault's History of Sexuality and the Colonial Order of Things. Durham: Duke University Press, 1995. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant West Africa Asociasión Euskara la exploradora Manuel Iradier https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/501919723175e521954572a615e38a17.jpg 69f4d9a8271157cb901ca71d37479c13 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/b7b1f0f466d9645b265eaf0537538f2f.JPG 08f8b1faec7d081ba06613d5ce250266 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/2a020ba04c9bef575ba5068b93db4a89.jpg f0c5061c278fd5bdd339f907aee736da Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colonial Uses of International Exhibits. The Exposición Iberoamericana 1929-1930 Subject The topic of the resource Exposición Iberoamericana Description An account of the resource “After 1898, a desire to recreate or reconstruct a new empire that, although African, is documented in political and intellectual metropolitan spheres. A kind of ‘African-American Hispanism’ would emerge, as reflected in some colonial texts from the mid-1920s.” Luis Ángel Sánchez Gómez The Exposición Iberoamericana of 1929 was a significant world's fair held in Seville, Spain, aimed at showcasing Spain's cultural, economic, and technological achievements while reinforcing its imperial and colonial interests, particularly in Africa. Spain, by the early 20th century, had largely lost its American colonies but maintained territories in Africa, including Morocco, Western Sahara, and Equatorial Guinea. The exposition served as a platform to assert Spain's continued relevance as a colonial power and to project an image of cultural and historical continuity with its former American colonies. It emphasized Spain's role as a bridge between Europe and its overseas territories, promoting a narrative of shared heritage and mutual benefit. Imperially, the fair symbolized Spain's efforts to modernize and consolidate its colonial holdings in Africa amidst increasing challenges and nationalist movements in its territories. It showcased technological advancements and industrial progress as tools for economic development and control over colonial resources. In relation to Africa, the exposition's imperial agenda was evident in its cultural diplomacy and political symbolism. It aimed to reinforce Spain's territorial claims and authority in North Africa, where it faced resistance and competition from other European powers. The fair projected an image of Spain as a benevolent colonial ruler, fostering economic development and cultural exchange within its African territories. Overall, the Exposición Iberoamericana of 1929 served as a showcase of Spain's efforts to maintain and extend its imperial influence in the face of decolonization movements worldwide. It used cultural and economic displays to bolster its colonial project in Africa and to assert its position among other European powers in the scramble for colonial dominance. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Sánchez Gómez, Luis Á. "África en Sevilla: la exhibición colonial de la Exposición Iberoamericana de 1929." Hispania (Madrid), vol. 66, no. 224, 2006, pp. 1045-1082. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Gustavo Bacarisas, Poster for the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929. Public Domain Vicente Traver Tomás, Plano de la Exposición Iberoamericana Americana de 1929 de Sevilla. Public Domain Relation A related resource Carlos, Abelardo de. Libro De Oro Ibero Americano: Catálogo Oficial Y Monumental De La Exposición De Sevilla. [Santander]: [Aldus, s. a., de artes gráficas], 1929. Gristwood, Anthony. “Commemorating Empire in Twentieth-Century Seville.” Imperial Cities, 2017, pp. 155–73. Rodríguez Bernal, Eduardo. Historia de la Exposición Ibero- Americana de Sevilla de 1929, Sevilla, Servicio de Publicaciones del Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, 1994. Solano Sobrado, María T. "Antecedentes Históricos De La Exposición Iberoamericana De Sevilla." Cuadernos de historia moderna y contemporánea, vol. 7, 1986, pp. 163. ProQuest, https://proxy.library.upenn.edu/loginurl=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/antecedentes-históricos-de-la-exposición/docview/1292636596/se-2. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Physical Medium Language A language of the resource Spain Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Exposición Iberoamericana https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/20bdd2e07aa8725882dbc624cf3d4d07.jpg dfe3a0fa4d9ed76c71e0c3bbdc640123 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/8f631fffbe7de88932eb49bc56b3f330.jpg 0531af0097b670a111354a832078ab27 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/172d41f13ecc2630613d8247b9dfd824.jpg 4beaeccbeac383a392317634e6fe5b52 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/9388fece8b947cec4b1ed9d9588fbc57.jpg 5dde89c0338d42868f208302856db474 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/2c64bd724b0076e5e0f505ee947619c8.jpg 15621bb2f2f5a2cf7f92adb6039b1f74 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Pavilion of La Guinea Española in the Exposición Iberoamericana of Seville, 1929 Subject The topic of the resource Colonial Pavilions in the Exposición Iberoamericana Description An account of the resource “Spain assumes a new commitment and a new spiritual challenge in its territories of equatorial Africa: the very Christian enterprise of converting the “helpless” and “backward” native population of Guinea. The conjunction of both colonization designs results in the articulation of an enormous project of a Spanish-African spiritual community, very close, at least in theory, to what had been projected on American lands in the past. These are the ideological and spiritual bases that make it possible for the Sevillian exhibition to structure its contents in a Trinitarian model supported by the presence of the Spanish provinces, the American republics and the Hispanic colonies in Africa, with the unavoidable complement of the presence of several pavilions. institutional and the participation of some Spanish and foreign companies” (Sánchez Gomez 1049) The role of colonial pavilions in 19th and 20th century international expositions merits critical evaluation. These pavilions served as showcases for colonial powers to project cultural superiority, economic prowess, and political authority over their colonies. They often presented a curated image of colonial territories, highlighting indigenous crafts, natural resources, and aspects of daily life, but frequently through a lens shaped by colonial stereotypes and Eurocentric perspectives. The Guinea Pavilion exemplifies this approach, presenting Equatorial Guinea as a cultural and economic asset under Spanish governance, yet through a filtered and sometimes patronizing portrayal. The Guinea Pavilion at the Seville exposition, spanning 2,832 square meters on a 3,400 square meter plot, stood significantly larger than its Moroccan counterpart, illustrating Spain's expansive colonial ambitions. Designed by architect José Granados de la Vega and funded by the General Directorate of Morocco and Colonies, its construction aimed to assert Spain's presence in Equatorial Guinea. According to the official guide, the pavilion's overall concept was orchestrated by agricultural engineer Emilio Gómez Flores, with artistic oversight by Vicente Zubillaga. However, scholar Luis Ángel Sánchez Gómez critiques the design as a neo-colonial portrayal of "exotic-primitive" architectures, lacking genuine ethnographic inspiration (1069). Moreover, these pavilions were instruments of diplomatic strategy, asserting colonial claims and justifying imperial rule amidst growing international scrutiny and anti-colonial movements. They functioned as tools of soft power, influencing global perceptions of colonial administrations and reinforcing colonial hierarchies. The Guinea Pavilion, with its elaborate design and substantial size, aimed to impress visitors with Spain's commitment to modernizing and civilizing its African territories, while simultaneously perpetuating colonial narratives that justified European dominance over non-Western societies. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Carlos, Abelardo de. Libro de oro Ibero Americano: catálogo oficial y monumental de la exposición de Sevilla. [Santander]: [Aldus, s. a., de artes gráficas], 1929. Sánchez Gómez, Luis Á. "África en Sevilla: la exhibición colonial de la Exposición Iberoamericana de 1929." Hispania (Madrid), vol. 66, no. 224, 2006, pp. 1045-1082 Postcard Colonial Pavilion of the Spanish Guinea: https://sevilla.abc.es/sevilla/sevi-pabellones-29-sevilla-exoticos-memoriales-africa-201907060812_noticia.html Manuel, "Fotos y postales antiguas de Sevilla": https://postalesyfotosantiguasdesevilla.blogspot.com/ Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Territorios españoles del Golfo de Guinea. / Pabellón Colonial, Exposición Iberoamericana: Public Domain Mark 1.0 Relation A related resource Montalbán, Ramón. "La Guinea Española en la Exposición Ibero-Americana de Sevilla" Africa. Revista de Tropas Coloniales (Ceuta) 54 (junio de 1929) pp. 142-143 Rodríguez Bernal, Eduardo. Historia de la Exposición Ibero- Americana de Sevilla de 1929, Sevilla, Servicio de Publicaciones del Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, 1994. Exposición Iberoamericana, 1929. Territorios españoles del Golfo de Guinea. / Pabellón Colonial, Exposición Iberoamericana, Sevilla 1929. Madrid: Imprenta de Gráficas Reunidas, 1929. Online Access, Biblioteca de la Universidad de Sevilla. https://archive.org/details/HCSFCa03042/page/n1/mode/2up Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Physical Medium Language A language of the resource Spanish and English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain Exposición Iberoamericana https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/6cec0817e2876d9f6b61e65552f7eca2.jpg 6ae7838db554df8d821ad7e3fc3355f7 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/474a02149dd16693b532961505925071.jpg 8bdc29b334549ff2ea1306be8a9e7313 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/8e6ccac0accc763439d8107a075fc073.jpg 966bd67f676123df6f0e12ecc7e58072 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/a422c837cbd96f12f500f54644273282.jpg 14c064a2f3bbf6e0e23212bd390e005c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Libro de Oro Ibero Americano. Catálogo oficial y monumental de la exposición de Sevilla Subject The topic of the resource Exposición Iberoamericana Description An account of the resource The Libro de Oro Ibero-Americano is an official and monumental catalog of the Ibero-American Exhibition held in Seville in 1929. Edited by the Unión Iberoamericana, the catalog features contributions from notable figures such as Víctor Espinós, Enrique Díez-Canedo, and Jacinto Benavente. Published by Aldus in Santander, it comprises extensive pages with illustrations, providing a comprehensive overview of the exhibition. This catalog documented the exposition extensively, detailing the exhibits, pavilions, and participants, with a focus on cultural, economic, and technological achievements. It highlighted the shared heritage between Spain and Latin America, emphasizing unity and collaboration. Richly illustrated with photographs and maps, the catalog provided a vivid representation of the event's grandeur and diversity. It also covered the economic and trade aspects, promoting investment and commercial partnerships between Spain and Latin American countries. Serving as an official and monumental record, the catalog underscored the significance of the exposition in fostering cultural and economic ties, while reinforcing Spain's aspirations to reassert its influence and prestige globally. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Unión Iberoamericana Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unión Iberoamericana Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Carlos, Abelardo de. Libro De Oro Ibero Americano: Catálogo Oficial Y Monumental De La Exposición De Sevilla. [Santander]: [Aldus, s. a., de artes gráficas], 1929. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Unión Iberoamericana Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Book, 800 pp. 38x30. Language A language of the resource Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain Exposición Iberoamericana https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/282f0c87a4db97e13878dc1415daf300.jpg 7fc9c0104e294cdc4168212a786f0fea https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/5b9f8579a5ecaf339ef8637a7ef8850b.jpg c8c982283037f2371bb96a1ade2de064 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/5f53ffadae13c36f29101ef1cf6402d3.jpg 4de113ffe025e6ecb4eb245e4f74604f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Bodies at the Pavilion of the Spanish Guinea during the Exposición Iberoamericana of Seville Subject The topic of the resource Exposición Iberomamericana Description An account of the resource At the Exposición Iberoamericana of 1929 in Seville, the Pavilion of Spanish Guinea prominently featured displays of Black bodies as part of its exhibition. This practice was consistent with the colonial exhibitions of the era, where indigenous people from the colonies were often showcased to highlight the supposed civilizing missions of European powers. In the Spanish Guinea pavilion, Black individuals were presented in constructed "authentic" environments, performing daily activities and cultural practices. These displays aimed to emphasize the exoticism and otherness of African people while simultaneously justifying Spain's colonial endeavors as benevolent and progressive. The exhibition perpetuated colonial stereotypes and reinforced racial hierarchies, portraying African people as primitive and in need of Spanish oversight and development. Such displays were intended to demonstrate Spain's imperial reach and its role in bringing civilization to its African territories, aligning with broader European colonial narratives. This objectification and dehumanization of Black bodies as in the case of the Corisqueños dancers served to legitimize colonial rule and distract from the exploitative realities of colonialism. The pavilion’s portrayal of Spanish Guinea thus played a crucial role in the cultural and political propaganda of the time, reinforcing Spain's colonial identity and ambitions on the international stage. Evidence of these human exhibits can be found in the photographs, articles, and postcards of the time, which documented and promoted the exposition’s themes and displays. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Sánchez Gómez, Luis Á. "África En Sevilla: La Exhibición Colonial De La Exposición Iberoamericana De 1929." Hispania (Madrid), vol. 66, no. 224, 2006, pp. 1045-1082. Manuel, "Fotos y postales antiguas de Sevilla". https://postalesyfotosantiguasdesevilla.blogspot.com/2020/02/pabellon-de-guinea-en-la-exposicion.html Archivo ABC. <a href="https://www.abc.es/archivo/fotos/los-reyes-de-espana-visitan-el-pabellon-de-guinea-en-la-7756607.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Farchivo%2Ffotos%2Flos-reyes-de-espana-visitan-el-pabellon-de-guinea-en-la-7756607.html" title="Archivo ABC">https://www.abc.es/archivo/fotos/los-reyes-de-espana-visitan-el-pabellon-de-guinea-en-la-7756607.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Farchivo%2Ffotos%2Flos-reyes-de-espana-visitan-el-pabellon-de-guinea-en-la-7756607.html</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Archivo ABC: Los Reyes de España Visitan el pabellón de guinea en la exposición Iberoamericana de 1929 en Sevilla Relation A related resource «El pabellón de Guinea en la Exposición de Sevilla» en Revista Hispano-Africana 5 (mayo de 1929) p. 15. Blanchard, Pascal. Human Zoos: Science and Spectacle In the Age of Colonial Empires. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2008. González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Plasencia Camps, Inés. "Embodying the Colonial Memory. White Colonists and “implicated Subjects” in Photographs from Equatorial Guinea." Culture & History Digital Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, 2023, pp. e004. Sánchez Gómez, Luis Á. "África En Sevilla: La Exhibición Colonial De La Exposición Iberoamericana De 1929." Hispania (Madrid), vol. 66, no. 224, 2006, pp. 1045-1082. Stoler, Ann Laura. Along the Archival Grain: Epistemic Anxieties and Colonial Common Sense. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. Maxwell, Anne. Colonial Photography and Exhibitions: Representations of the Native and the Making of European Identities, 1901. Language A language of the resource Spanish and English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/564eafb24c1eac1bf6de1f302db6bb19.jpg 5e2581279a5402370a8cbdd72bfc71a1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Film Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 46:38 Producer Name (or names) of the person who produced the video Hermic Films Director Name (or names) of the person who produced the video Diego Saavedra y Magdalena Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documentary Film "Expedición a la Guinea Española" Subject The topic of the resource Visual Materials on the Colonial Expeditions to the Spanish Guinea Description An account of the resource "Expedición a la Guinea Española" (1930) directed by Diego Saavedra Magdalena (appointed as General Director of Morocco and the Colonies), is a documentary situated in the exploration and documentation of Spanish Guinea, now Equatorial Guinea, during its colonial period under Spanish rule. The film is a vivid portrayal of the region's landscapes, cultures, and daily life, crafted to educate Spanish audiences about the colony. Saavedra Magdalena, noted for his ethnographic and documentary work, aimed to provide an in-depth look at the richness and diversity of the region. The documentary's content includes footage of the natural environment, local customs, traditions, and interactions between the colonial administration and indigenous populations. While the documentary serves educational and propagandistic purposes, showcasing Spanish colonial endeavors, it must be critiqued within the context of Spain's imperial projects in the early twentieth century. The documentary's imagery and narrative are imbued with the ideological underpinnings of colonialism, reflecting the prevailing attitudes of the time. The portrayal of indigenous people and their cultures often aligns with the paternalistic and ethnocentric views typical of imperial powers, framing the colonized as 'exotic' and 'primitive' while positioning the Spanish as civilizing forces. This perspective reinforces the colonial ideology of racial and cultural superiority, justifying the imperial mission. The film's emphasis on the natural resources and strategic value of the colony further underscores the economic motivations driving imperial expansion. Additionally, the documentary likely employs a cinematic style that romanticizes the colonial experience, utilizing staged scenes and selective framing to present an idealized view of Spanish colonialism. "Expedición a la Guinea Española" is not merely a historical artifact but also a reflection of the broader imperialist agenda of early twentieth-century Spain. It offers invaluable insight into the period's colonial mentality but simultaneously demands critical examination of its ideological biases. The documentary is a testament to the complex interplay between cultural representation and imperial ambition, revealing how media was used to construct and perpetuate colonial narratives. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Diego Saavedra y Magdalena Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://www.rtve.es/play/videos/archivo-historico/expedicion-guinea-espanola/2917617/">https://www.rtve.es/play/videos/archivo-historico/expedicion-guinea-espanola/2917617/</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available RTVE Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Información de rtve.es Corporación de Radio y Televisión Española 2024 Type The nature or genre of the resource Documentary Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Film Language A language of the resource Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Equatorial Guinea Colonial Documentary Expedición a la Guinea Española Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Production of Colonial Science during Francoism Subject The topic of the resource Colonial Science in Equatorial Guinea during Francoism Description An account of the resource Modern science played a central role in the consolidation and maintenance of Spanish colonial rule, particularly under Francisco Franco's dictatorship. According to Cécile Stephanie Stehrenberger, In the early twentieth century, scientific and technological advancements, such as geographical and biomedical knowledge, became crucial tools for establishing Spanish authority in Equatorial Guinea (239). This trend intensified during Franco's regime, which systematically mobilized scientific knowledge to govern and exploit colonial populations and resources. Knowledge production and dissemination were closely intertwined, involving a dynamic interaction between scientists and various 'publics,' including colonial officials, business owners, and settlers in Equatorial Guinea. This engagement was not limited to the colonies; metropolitan audiences in Spain were also targeted to garner support for the colonial project. Institutions such as the Instituto de Estudios Africanos (Institute of African Studies) played a pivotal role in this endeavor. Founded in 1945, the institute was instrumental in generating and disseminating knowledge about Africa, thereby legitimizing and promoting Spain's colonial ambitions. It conducted extensive research in anthropology, geography, and history, producing studies that reinforced the narrative of Spanish benevolence and civilizing mission in Africa. Similarly, Hermic Films, a production company, created documentaries that showcased the supposed progress and benefits of Spanish colonialism. These efforts were aimed at both informing and persuading various audiences of the legitimacy and necessity of the colonial enterprise. By presenting a scientifically grounded and visually appealing narrative, these institutions helped to sustain metropolitan support for colonial policies and justify the exploitation of African populations and resources. Stehrenberger's work highlights how science and technology were not merely tools of colonial rule but integral to the ideological apparatus that sustained Franco's dictatorship and its imperial ambitions. Consequently, the following items included in the second half of the first collection explore in depth the scientific and technological sources adopted by this later stage of the imperial enterprise in Equatorial Guinea, whose institutions operated until the very ending of the colonial regime in the country. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Price Lab for the Digital Humanities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource Aranzadi, Juan, and Gonzalo Alvarez Chillida. Guinea Ecuatorial (des)conocida: Lo Que Sabemos, Ignoramos, Inventamos Y Deformamos Acerca De Su Pasado Y Su Presente. Madrid: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, 2020. Branche, Jerome. Post/colonialism and the Pursuit of Freedom In the Black Atlantic. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2018. Camprubi, Lino. Engineers and the Making of the Francoist Regime. MIT Press, Cambridge, 2014, doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262027175.001.0001. Medina-Doménech, Rosa. "Scientific Technologies of National Identity as Colonial Legacies: Extracting the Spanish Nation from Equatorial Guinea." Social Studies of Science, vol. 39, no. 1, 2009, pp. 81-112. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital text Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Colonial Science Francoism Hermic Films Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA) Revista Africa https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/0fb223e79f7c0763b927ac7d17ac2ef3.jpg ea21403c904a307638029195c935c5d5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA) in the Spanish Guinea Subject The topic of the resource Colonial Science in Equatorial Guinea during Francoism Description An account of the resource The Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA), founded in 1945, was a Spanish institution dedicated to the study and promotion of African cultures, histories, and geographies, primarily to support and legitimize Spain's colonial ambitions in Africa, particularly in Equatorial Guinea. Active until the end of the colonial regime, IDEA conducted and published extensive research portraying Spanish colonialism as a civilizing mission. The IDEA brought together scientists from different disciplines and fields—such as geology, ethnology, archaeology, medicine, history, and law—and other colonial ‘experts’ such as missionaries or generals, seasonally commissioned for specific scientific expeditions. The institute was run by a combination of academics, colonial administrators, and policymakers who were aligned with Francoist ideologies. Notable figures included scholars such as historian and Africanist Julio Caro Baroja, who contributed to the ethnographic and cultural studies promoted by IDEA. The institution played a significant role in creating and disseminating knowledge that supported the colonial narrative, influencing both colonial policy and public perception in Spain regarding its African territories. In summary, the institute’s aim was to create ‘total knowledge’ about the colonies from a ‘plurality of angles.’ Visual elements were crucial for audiences’ intellectual and emotional activation regarding their 'expository science'. This institute served as a hub for scholars and officials who produced extensive studies on African societies, resources, and environments, framing them within a narrative of Spanish benevolence and developmentalism. The institute's publications and activities were crucial in maintaining the ideological support for colonial rule within Spain, portraying the colonial project as a scientific and civilizing endeavor. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Díaz de Villegas, José. ‘Labor del Instituto de Estudios Africanos’, África, 3a época, 85, 1949, pp. 2–6. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Price Lab for the Digital Humanities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource Aixelà Cabré, Yolanda. Spain's African Colonial Legacies : Morocco and Equatorial Guinea Compared. Leiden: Brill, 2022. Martin-Márquez, Susan. Disorientations : Spanish Colonialism In Africa and the Performance of Identity. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital Text Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Colonial Science Francoism Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA) https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/33c80439788b2d5bbb67fd0c791f61cc.jpg 90d73f194c4f4770030c3eb1f8d9844a https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/b156e58c18adc5e5aaf2b1f18695e8b8.jpg 57b8b8c67b6dfc5f0127a140248ce971 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/fe76c044dba641d76ef1e113c0922ecf.jpg a5a3b5cab7eead9bc862a09f2e7aed77 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/675d97512e4b5d19acf3a8a14b66e3a1.jpg beb011c4841032ae9c384851bf89edb0 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/82b53ea4c98660f98e12982d8f25df0d.jpg cba9f6e1d8f136ea0f8c85f410fe172f https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/e17ceba2eedc9cc0a0e05b18c1511e1c.jpg f7c8cf610681d758e487bec5bb283eee https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/de09461a31390babb56b8874cd7175d6.jpg 2e395ef2cd7ebd9fbc1e1288821c7e58 https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/a96d10ee06b0b6b59f409e2568de2368.jpg 936bbeaa308efd984e3b5364aeca7d3d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Periodical Journal Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource África: revista de tropas coloniales Subject The topic of the resource Colonial Science in Equatorial Guinea during Francoism and the Instituto de Estudios Africanos Description An account of the resource The journal "África", published by the Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA), was a pivotal platform for disseminating research and knowledge about Spanish colonial territories in Africa, particularly during Franco's dictatorship. Launched in 1946, the journal aimed to legitimize and support Spain's colonial endeavors through scientific and scholarly articles. "África" featured contributions from various disciplines such as anthropology, ethnology, geography, history, and medicine, reflecting the institute’s objective to create a comprehensive understanding of the colonies from multiple angles. By including works from prominent scholars, colonial officials, missionaries, and generals, the journal sought to produce a 'total knowledge' framework that presented Spanish colonialism as a benevolent and civilizing mission. The visual elements in "África" were crucial for engaging both intellectual and emotional responses from its readers. Photographs, maps, and illustrations were used extensively to depict the natural landscapes, cultural practices, and economic activities in the colonies, thereby reinforcing the narrative of Spanish progress and benevolence. The journal also served as a tool for the metropolitan audience, persuading them of the importance and benefits of the colonial project, and fostering a sense of national pride and support for Spain's imperial ambitions. Through its scholarly rigor and strategic use of visual aids, "África" played an essential role in shaping public perceptions and sustaining ideological support for Spanish colonial policies. It exemplified how scientific and academic publications were harnessed to serve the broader imperial objectives of the Francoist regime, contributing to the systematic governance and exploitation of colonial populations and resources in Equatorial Guinea and other African territories under Spanish control. The Digital Archive with full access to the numbers of the journal Africa published by Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA) is available through the repository of the Biblioteca Tomás Navarro: http://simurg.csic.es/view/990001022570204201/africa-revista-de-tropas-coloniales Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Biblioteca Tomás Navarro: http://simurg.csic.es/view/990001022570204201/africa-revista-de-tropas-coloniales Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1926-1968 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional de Creative Commons. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digitalized Archive Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Periodical Journal Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Equatorial Guinea Colonial Science Francoism Instituto de Estudios Africanos (IDEA) Revista Africa https://hernando.upenn.domains/files/original/3ff0cc170aa177c1a1609a418125c9ad.jpg 7a5c832d80a85f8ad5dbaa011960ced5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Temptation of Empire Subject The topic of the resource Equatorial Guinea during the 19th and 20th century Description An account of the resource Archives are not merely sources for extracting knowledge but generators of colonial knowledge. Anthropologist Ann Laura Stoler argues that archives are “cultural artifacts of fact production, of taxonomies in the making, and of absurd notions of what made up colonial authority. Reading along the archival grain opens up enriching readings of them as sites of contested knowledges.” The first section, "The Temptation of Empire,” shows how written records, pavilions, and audiovisual products about Equatorial Guineans during the 19th and 20th centuries served as propaganda to legitimize the imperial project after the loss of Spain's colonies of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Inspired by the contributions of the issue of Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies “El archivo colonial bajo el foco: representaciones audiovisuales de Guinea Ecuatorial” [The colonial archive in the spotlight: audiovisual representations of Equatorial Guinea], this part of the exhibition addresses how visual production along the 19th and 20th century not only deal with obvious propaganda messages, but also reveal contradictions and ambiguities within the colonial rule. Most of these resources are relatively still unknown within Hispanic studies and in cultural visual studies on European imperialism. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August, 2024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Relation A related resource González, Danae G., and Diana Arbaiza. "El Archivo Colonial Bajo El Foco: Representaciones Audiovisuales De Guinea Ecuatorial." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 159-174. Colmenero, Sara Santamaría. “El Paraíso Perdido: Nostalgias Coloniales En El Archivo Audiovisual de Guinea Ecuatorial (2000–2020).” Bulletin of Spanish visual studies. 6.2 (2022): 303–324. Web. Moriente, David, and Guillermo Navarro. "La Invención De Guinea Ecuatorial En La España De Franco: Una Visión De La Colonia a Través De Los Sellos De Correos." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 217-237. Stehrenberger, Cécile S. "Science Images and Colonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 239-258. López Sanz, Hasan G. "'Guinea. Negocio y Misión': La Fotografía En La Representación Del Poder y La Construcción De Sujetos Coloniales En Las Ferias Muestrario De Valencia De 1942 y 1946." Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 197-215. Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Visual Archive Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colonial Documentary during Francoism: the case of Hermic Films Subject The topic of the resource Colonial Film and Photographic Culture during Francoism Description An account of the resource Hermic Films, founded in 1940 by Manuel Hernández Sanjuán, played a crucial role as an ideological tool of imperial propaganda during Franco's regime, similar to the colonial science promoted by the Instituto de Estudios Africanos. Known for its extensive production of over 200 short films, predominantly documentaries, Hermic Films contributed significantly to the regime's narrative of empire and colonialism. In 1944, under the direction of General José Díaz de Villegas, the company embarked on a major project to document Spanish Guinea. This mission, carried out between 1944 and 1946, resulted in over 5,000 photographs and thirty-one documentary films. According to Alba Valenciano Mañé and Francesca Bayre, these films were more than mere recordings; they were designed to present an idealized vision of Spanish colonial efforts, showcasing the supposed benefits of Spanish rule and the exoticism of African territories. Exhibited in 1946 at Madrid's Palacio de la Música, the documentaries aimed to foster domestic support for colonial policies and to portray a stable, prosperous empire. Hermic Films, like the Instituto de Estudios Africanos, played a vital role in justifying and maintaining Spain's colonial presence through controlled representations of colonial life. By shaping public perception and reinforcing the narrative of a civilizing mission, Hermic Films helped fortify the cultural and ideological underpinnings of the regime. Their work was instrumental in crafting a sanitized image of colonialism that aligned with the imperialist and nationalist ethos of the time, making Hermic Films a key player in the cultural perpetuation of colonial ideology. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexis Hernando Cubas Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Colección Filmoteca Española Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Visual Archive Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Film and photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Elena, Alberto. "Spanish Colonial Cinema: Contours and Singularities". Joumal of Film Preservation 63 (2001): 29-35. Landau, Paul S. Introducción. "An amazing distance: pictures and Empires: Visuality in Colonial and Postcolonial Africa . Ed. Kaspin, Berkeley: U of California Mañé, Alba Valenciano, and Francesca Bayre. “Cuerpos Naturales, Mentes Coloniales: Las Imágenes de Hermic Films En La Guinea Española.” Afro-Hispanic Review, vol. 28, no. 2, 2009, pp. 245–68. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41349287. Accessed 22 July 2024. Ortín, Pere y Pereira, Vic. M bini: Cazadores de imágenes en la Guinea colonial. Barcelona: Altair, 2006. Nerín, Gustau. Guinea Ecuatorial: Historia en blanco y negro. Barcelona: Península, 1997. Nerín, Gustau, y Alfred Bosch. El imperio que nunca existió. Barcelona: Plaza, 2001. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Archivo Hermic Films. Colección Filmoteca Española. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940-1977 Relation A related resource Hernández-Sanjuán, Manuel. Bajo la lámpara de bosque. 1946 (serie La Guinea Española 71) M bini: Cazadores de imágenes en la Guinea colonial Ed. Pere Ortín, Vic Pereiro. Barcelona: Altair, 2006. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spain, Equatorial Guinea Colonial Documentary Francoism Hermic Films